Pengaruh Pola Konsumsi Makanan Ultra-Proses terhadap Risiko Sindrom Metabolik pada Usia Produktif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71094/jmhs.v2i1.371Keywords:
Digital Loneliness, Digital Literacy, Social Media Interaction, Youth Communication, Digital SocietyAbstract
The rapid expansion of digital communication technologies has transformed the way young people interact, form relationships, and experience social connection. While digital platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for communication and networking, emerging evidence suggests that intensive online engagement may also contribute to new forms of social isolation. This study examines the phenomenon of digital loneliness among young adults by analyzing patterns of digital interaction, perceived social connection, and the role of digital literacy. The research adopts a quantitative approach using survey data collected from young individuals who actively use social media and other digital communication platforms. Data analysis focuses on identifying relationships between frequency of digital interaction, quality of online communication, and perceived feelings of loneliness. The findings indicate that high levels of digital engagement do not necessarily translate into meaningful social relationships. Many respondents report frequent online communication but experience limited emotional depth in their interactions. Algorithm driven content exposure and constant social comparison further intensify feelings of isolation despite apparent social connectivity. The study also reveals that digital literacy plays a crucial moderating role. Individuals with higher levels of digital literacy demonstrate stronger awareness of platform dynamics, better control over digital consumption patterns, and a greater ability to develop purposeful online interactions. These results highlight the importance of strengthening digital literacy as a strategy to reduce the negative social consequences of intensive digital media use. Effective digital engagement requires not only technical competence but also critical awareness of how digital environments shape social experiences. Strengthening these competencies can support healthier patterns of communication and help reduce the risk of digital loneliness among young adults.
References
Barbaresko, J., Bröder, J., Conrad, J., Szczerba, E., Lang, A., & Schlesinger, S. (2025). Ultra-processed food consumption and human health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 65(11), 1999-2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2024.2317877
Canhada, S. L., Vigo, Á., Giatti, L., Fonseca, M. D. J., Lopes, L. J., Cardoso, L. D. O., ... & Duncan, B. B. (2024). Associations of Ultra-Processed food intake with the incidence of cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes go beyond specific Subgroups—The Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health. Nutrients, 16(24), 4291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244291
Canhada, S. L., Vigo, Á., Luft, V. C., Levy, R. B., Alvim Matos, S. M., del Carmen Molina, M., ... & Schmidt, M. I. (2023). Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adults: the ELSA-Brasil. Diabetes Care, 46(2), 369-376. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-1505
Elfadil, O. M., Patel, J., Patel, I., Ewy, M. W., Hurt, R. T., & Mundi, M. S. (2021). Processed foods–getting back to the basics. Current gastroenterology reports, 23(12), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-021-00828-z
Fabiani, R., Naldini, G., & Chiavarini, M. (2019). Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adult subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(9), 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092056
Gomes, A. L. A. C., Aguiar, S. V. S., Linhares, B. C., & da Silva, S. F. R. (2021). A Relação Do Consumo De Alimentos Ultraprocessados Com O Desenvolvimento Da Obesidade. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2(4), 376-376. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/3323
Ivancovsky‐Wajcman, D., Fliss‐Isakov, N., Webb, M., Bentov, I., Shibolet, O., Kariv, R., & Zelber‐Sagi, S. (2021). Ultra‐processed food is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver International, 41(11), 2635-2645. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14996
Khoiriyah, R. A., Firnanda, B. J., Faradisah, H. N., et al. (2024). Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Its Role in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Development. International Conference on Halal Food and Health Nutrition. 2(1). 168-178. https://doi.org/10.29080/ichafohn.v2i1.2042
Kim, C., Na, W., Choi, S., Hwang, S. H., & Sohn, C. (2023). Relationship between metabolic syndrome and intake of ultra-processed foods in Korean adults: based on 6th and 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018). Nutrition Research and Practice, 17(4), 735-746. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.735
Lane, M. M., Davis, J. A., Beattie, S., Gómez‐Donoso, C., Loughman, A., O'Neil, A., ... & Rocks, T. (2021). Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 43 observational studies. Obesity reviews, 22(3), e13146. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13146
Lv, J. L., Wei, Y. F., Sun, J. N., Shi, Y. C., Liu, F. H., Sun, M. H., ... & Zhao, Y. H. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. Frontiers in nutrition, 11, 1306310. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1306310
Mambrini, S. P., Menichetti, F., Ravella, S., Pellizzari, M., De Amicis, R., Foppiani, A., ... & Leone, A. (2023). Ultra-processed food consumption and incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. Nutrients, 15(11), 2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112583
Martinez-Perez, C., San-Cristobal, R., Guallar-Castillon, P., Martínez-González, M. Á., Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., ... & Daimiel, L. (2021). Use of different food classification systems to assess the association between ultra-processed food consumption and cardiometabolic health in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome (PREDIMED-Plus Cohort). Nutrients, 13(7), 2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072471
Mehrabani, S., Shoaei, N., Shateri, Z., Askarpour, M., Nouri, M., Keshani, P., ... & Homayounfar, R. (2024). Consumption of ultra‐processed foods could influence the metabolic syndrome odds: A cross‐sectional study. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(4), 2567-2577. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3938
Meneguelli, T. S., Hinkelmann, J. V., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Zulet, M. Á., Martínez, J. A., & Bressan, J. (2020). Food consumption by degree of processing and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 71(6), 678-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2020.1725961
Miranda, R. C., Rauber, F., & Levy, R. B. (2021). Impact of ultra-processed food consumption on metabolic health. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 32(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000728
Mirmiran, P., Moslehi, N., Golzarand, M., & Azizi, F. (2023). Ultra-processed foods consumption and the risk of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults: a prospective investigation. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 74(4), 522-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2023.2222935
Ozkan, I., Karahan, O. T., & Avuk, H. S., (2025). Processed Food Consumption Based on the NOVA Classification Is Associated With Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk in Turkish Adults. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(10), e71014. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71014
Pagliai, G., Dinu, M., Madarena, M. P., Bonaccio, M., Iacoviello, L., & Sofi, F. (2021). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of nutrition, 125(3), 308-318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520002688
Pan, F., Wang, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Su, C., Jia, X., ... & Ding, G. (2023). Association between ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic syndrome among adults in China—results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients, 15(3), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030752
Park, H., Lee, Y., Hwang, J., & Lee, Y. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the KNHANES 2016–2020. Nutrition, 122, 112374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112374
Shu, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, J., Zhu, Q., & Si, C. (2023). Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1211797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211797
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Satria Kurniawan, Samsul Bahri, Mariam Annisa (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.







