Stratifikasi Sosial di Era Krisis Kesehatan Global Analisis Ketidaksetaraan dalam Akses Terhadap Vaksin COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71094/jmsh.v2i1.303Keywords:
ketidaksetaraan vaksin, COVID 19, akses vaksin, stratifikasi sosial, kesehatan globalAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas ketidaksetaraan akses vaksin COVID 19 sebagai manifestasi dari stratifikasi sosial dalam konteks krisis kesehatan global. Ketidaksetaraan tersebut tidak hanya terjadi antarnegara tetapi juga dalam negara yang sama, dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi, sistem kesehatan, struktur sosial, dan kebijakan global. Analisis literatur dari 15 artikel open access penuh menunjukkan bahwa negara berpenghasilan tinggi mampu memperoleh vaksin lebih cepat dan luas dibanding negara berpenghasilan rendah, sehingga memperlebar celah vaksinasi global. Faktor seperti GDP per kapita, stabilitas politik, kapasitas layanan kesehatan, dan Universal Health Coverage memengaruhi distribusi vaksin secara signifikan. Di tingkat domestik, ketidaksetaraan akses antarkelompok sosial — termasuk etnis, ras, dan status ekonomi — mencerminkan struktur sosial yang lebih luas yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kampanye vaksinasi.
Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksetaraan akses vaksin berpotensi memperparah beban penyakit dan memperlambat pemulihan ekonomi. Inisiatif internasional seperti COVAX berperan penting dalam mengurangi kesenjangan, namun tantangan implementasi tetap signifikan. Strategi pengurangan ketidaksetaraan perlu mencakup kebijakan kesehatan yang inklusif, transfer teknologi vaksin, dan penguatan sistem kesehatan universal.
Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa respons terhadap krisis kesehatan global harus lebih dari sekadar pasokan vaksin; hal itu harus mencakup kebijakan yang sensitif terhadap determinan sosial, kerjasama internasional yang kuat, dan komitmen terhadap keadilan akses sebagai bagian dari strategi kesehatan masyarakat.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fauzan Ridwan, Siti Ariani Arafah, Kevin Jonathan (Author)

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